Spacecrafts

Spacecrafts

There are three kinds of spacecraft - artificial satellites, unmanned probes and manned spacecraft.
? Spacecraft have double hulls (outer coverings) to protect against other space objects that crash into them.
? Manned spacecraft must also protect the crew from heat and other dangerous effects of launch and landing.
? Spacecraft windows have filters to protect astronauts from the Sun's dangerous ultraviolet rays.
? Radiators on the outside of the spacecraft lose heat, to stop the crew's body temperatures overheating the craft.
? Manned spacecraft have life-support systems that provide oxygen to breathe, usually mixed with nitrogen (as in ordinary air). Char
coal filters out smells.
? The carbon dioxide crews breathe out is absorbed by pellets of lithium hydroxide.
? Spacecraft toilets have to get rid of waste in low gravity conditions. Astronauts have to sit on a device which sucks away the waste. Solid waste is dried and dumped in space, but the water is saved.
? To wash, astronauts have a waterproof shower which sprays them with jets of water from all sides and also sucks away all the waste water.

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